Feeding chickens is wonderfully simple once you understand the basics.

Get the fundamentals right and your hens will reward you with lots of joy.. and a steady supply of eggs. 

Here is everything you need to know.

The basics — what every chicken needs

Layers pellets

Layers pellets are the foundation of a chicken's diet and should be available at all times in a feeder. A standard adult hen needs approximately 100-120g per day. Layers pellets contain all the protein, vitamins and minerals a laying hen needs — including the calcium required for strong eggshells.

Mixed corn

Mixed corn — a blend of wheat, maize and other grains — is a great treat but should be given in small quantities only, as an afternoon supplement. A small handful per bird in the afternoon is plenty. Too much corn and hens will fill up on it and eat less of their pellets — upsetting the nutritional balance of their diet.

Grit

Chickens do not have teeth — they grind their food in their crop using grit. Insoluble grit (granite or flint chick) should always be available in a separate container. If your birds free range on soil or grass they will pick up some natural grit, but a supplementary supply is always a good idea.

Oystershell

Oystershell provides the calcium laying hens need for strong eggshells. It is particularly important for birds that are confined and cannot access natural calcium sources. Keep a small pot available separately from the grit.

Fresh water

Fresh, clean water must always be available. A standard hen drinks approximately 250ml per day — more in hot weather. Check and refresh water daily and ensure it does not freeze in winter. A heated drinker is a worthwhile investment for colder months.

Important — kitchen scraps are now illegal

Since 2021 it has been illegal in the UK to feed kitchen scraps to chickens, including vegetable peelings. This is due to biosecurity concerns around disease transmission. Chickens can eat fresh vegetables and greens that have not been through a kitchen — but nothing that has been prepared indoors. Always check current DEFRA guidance if you are unsure.

Growers vs layers pellets — which do I need?

Growers pellets — for chicks and young birds under 18-20 weeks of age

Layers pellets — for point-of-lay birds and adults (18 weeks and over

Do not give layers pellets to young chicks — the calcium content is too high for developing birds

What about treats?

Treats are a lovely way to bond with your birds but should make up no more than 10% of their daily diet. Good treat options include fresh greens, sweetcorn (not from a kitchen), mealworms and sunflower seeds. Avoid anything salty, mouldy or processed.